Pesticide Excretion - Pesticide Biotransformation and Disposition - page 187

Table 8.1 Some Examples of the Use of Urinary Metabolites of Pesticides as Biomarkers of Exposure
Pesticide

Urinary metabolite Reference

Acephate Methamidophos Bouchard et al. (2006)

Carbaryl 1-Naphthol Meeker et al. (2005, 2007)

Chlorpyrifos Diethylphosphate,

diethylthiophosphate

Bouchard et al. (2005);
Griffin et al. (1999)

Chlorpyrifos 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyrimidinol Bouchard et al. (2005);

Meeker et al. (2005);
Garabrant et al. (2009);
Whyatt et al. (2009)

Chlorpyrifos/quinalphos Diethylphosphate,

diethylthiophosphate

Vasilic et al. (1992)

Chlorpyrifos-methyl 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyrimidinol

alkylphosphates

Aprea et al. (1997)

Deltamethrin 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid,

cis -3-(2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-
1-carboxylic acid

Ortiz-Perez et al. (2005)

Diazinon 1-Isopropyl-4-methyl-6-

hydroxypyrimidine

Bouchard et al. (2006)

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid (2,4-D)

2,4-D Harris et al. (1992)

Dicofol 4,4  -Dichlorobenzilic acid Nigg et al. (1991)

Guthion Dimethylphosphorothioic acid Franklin et al. (1981)

Malathion/thiometon Dimethylphosphate Vasilic et al. (1999)

Malathion/thiometon Dimethylphosphorothioate

Malathion/thiometon Dimethylphosphorodithioate

Malathion/thiometon Mono/dicarboxylic acids Bouchard et al. (2006);

Bradman et al. (2009)

Naphthalene 1- and 2-Napthol Meeker et al. (2007)

Organophosphorus
insecticides

Alkyl phosphates Azaroff (1999)

Permethrin (cis and trans) 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid Morgan et al. (2007);

Lu et al. (2009)

investigated and its magnitude did not seem to be large enough for practical appli-
cation. N -acetylglucosamidase was found to be slightly increased in the urine of
applicators exposed to the soil nematocide 1,3-dichloropropene, along with the prin-
cipal metabolite of this nematocide, N -acetyl- S -( cis -3-chloroprop-2-enyl) cysteine
( Osterloh and Feldman, 1993 ).

CONCLUSIONS

The excretion of pesticides in vertebrates, particularly mammals, was discussed. Renal
and liver function, as they relate to excretion, were summarized, as well as the less