Pesticide Excretion - Pesticide Biotransformation and Disposition - page 177

8

CHAPTER

Pesticide Excretion

Ernest Hodgson
North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA

Outline
Introduction

179

Renal Function 181

Overall Aspects 181

Glomerular Filtration 181

Tubular Reabsorption 181

Tubular Secretion 182

Biliary Excretion 183

Respiratory Excretion 184

Other Routes of Excretion 184

Gender-Linked Routes of Excretion 184

Milk 185

Eggs 185

Fetus 185

Alimentary Elimination 185

Obscure Routes of Excretion 185

Cellular Elimination 186

Excretion of Pesticides and Their Metabolites as Biomarkers of Exposure 187

Conclusions 189

References 190

INTRODUCTION
Although, in the time since the publication of the second and third editions of the
Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology ( Krieger, 2001, 2010 ), studies of the excretory mecha-
nisms for pesticide excretion in vivo have received little attention, two aspects have
continued to advance: cellular elimination and the use of urinary metabolites as bio-
markers of pesticide exposure.
Except in simple life forms, the elimination of toxicants, including pesticides
and their metabolites, is part of a specialized system that, in addition to elimina-
tion, maintains the balance of water, minerals, and other substances necessary for ter-
restrial life. Pesticides, again typical of toxicants in general, are taken up by the body
in most cases because of their lipophilicity. Before elimination is possible, they must