Graphics Reference
In-Depth Information
732 CE
1-32
1-24
1-31
1-24
c. 800:
Portrait
of Christ from the
Book of Kells, a Celtic
manuscript.
868:
The earliest
extant printed text, of
the Diamond Sutra, is
printed in China.
1-30
Twelfth century:
Bronze and copper
crucifix from northern
Italy.
1215:
The Magna Carta
grants constitutional
liberties in England.
1-26
c. Eleventh
century:
Round tower
on the Rock of Cashel,
county Tipperary,
Ireland, a lookout and
refuge against Viking
invaders.
1-32
Thirteenth
century:
Byzantine
school,
Madonna and
Child on a Curved
Throne.
1-28
1163-1250:
Construction of Notre
Dame Cathedral, Paris.
732:
The Battle of Tours
ends the Muslim advance
into Europe.
800:
Charlemagne is
crowned emperor of the
Holy Roman Empire by
Pope Leo III.
1-27
Eighth-twelfth
centuries:
Caroline
minuscules become the
standard throughout
Europe after Charlemagne
issues his reform decree
of 796, calling for a
uniform writing style.
1-29
Eleventh-twelfth
centuries:
Early Gothic
lettering, a transitional
style between Caroline
minuscules and Textura,
has an increased vertical
emphasis.
1-31
Thirteenth-
fifteenth centuries:
Gothic Textura Quadrata,
or Textura, the late-
Gothic style with
rigorous verticality and
compressed forms.
1-25
Tenth century:
High Cross at Kells,
Meath County, Ireland.
1347-51:
First wave
of the Black Death, a
plague that decimates the
European population.
1034:
Bi Sheng (Pi
Sheng) invents movable
type in China.
1096-99:
The First
Crusade.
1-28
1-30
1-25
1-27
1-26
1-29
