Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
6.0
5.5
Intact casein
Casein hydrolyzates
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
r
2
= 0.98
r
2
= 0.65
3.0
2.5
2.0
0
10
20
30
40
DH (%)
50
60
70
80
Fig. 13.15
Reduction in antigenicity of casein hydrolyzate at DH up to 70% using pancreatic protease.
(Reprinted from Ref. [36].)
carriers and anti-stress peptides. The peptides originate from different parts of the caseins
and whey proteins in the milk. In the body, these peptides can be formed by the en-
zyme activity in the digestion system and/or as result of the lactic acid fermentation in
the intestine.
A recent review by Hartmann and Meisel
60
discussed the research on food-derived bioac-
tive peptides. Besides the benefits mentioned above, such peptides can also have positive
effects on the cardiovascular system (hypocholesterolemic and antioxidative). It has been hy-
pothesized that upon intake of soya foods, the proteins are converted into bioactive peptides
with the mentioned positive effects and that this explains the positive effect of consuming
soya containing foods.
The technology for in vitro production of bioactive peptides takes both raw material
selection and choice of protease into account. Table 13.3 shows examples of bioactive
peptides made from food proteins.
Table 13.3
Bioactive peptides produced from food proteins.
Protein
Health claim
Peptide
Protease
References
61
Soya
Body weight control
Alcalase
hydrolyzate
Alcalase
62
Casein
Anticariogenic
Casein
phosphopeptide
Trypsin
63
Whey
Iron binding
Various
Different
64, 65
β
-lactoglobulin
Anti-microbial
Various
Alcalase,
pepsin, trypsin
66
α
-lactalbumin
Angiotensin-converting
enzyme inhibitor
Tyr-Gly-Leu-Phe
Pepsin
67
Anti-microbial
Various
Trypsin
68
Collagen
Bone and joint disease
Gelatin
Alcalase
