Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
Classical
improved strain
UV/chemicals
Strain from
collection
Gene multiplication from same species
Self-cloned
strain
rDNA
technology
Gene multiplication from same species
+ selection marker
Homologous
strain
Gene from other species
Heterologous
strain
Gene of interest
DNA
Gene multiplication
gmo homologous
+ selection marker
gmo self-cloned
Deletion of selection marker
Fig. 11.2
Construction of industrial Aspergillus niger strains and different techniques.
In Australia and the US, no additional approval is needed where classic strains are already
accepted.
In all other countries in Europe, enzymes from self-cloned microorganisms are considered
enzymes from GMMs.
11.5
ENZYMES FOR FRUIT PROCESSING
Processors wishing to produce clear concentrated fruit juices must overcome many chal-
lenges, including handling different kinds of fruits in the same factory, and managing fluctu-
ating quantities of fruit with variable compositions and textures depending on their ripening
stage. Dealing with these factors requires efficient and reliable tools, such as equipment and
