Graphics Reference
In-Depth Information
machine (VM) technology provides customized
service software on a nearby cloudlet, and then
uses that service over a wireless LAN. A virtual
machine-based cloudlet is a self-managed data
center in a box shared by few users at a time,
in contrast to a centralized cloud ownership by
Amazon, Yahoo! etc. Thus, a cloudlet means a
compute cluster, plus wireless access point, plus
wired Internet access with no battery limitations
(Satyanarayanan, 2010). Rather than relying on
a distant “cloud,” mobile users seamlessly utilize
nearby computers to obtain the resource benefits
of cloud computing. With the real-time two-way
translation on mobile devices, the high-resolution
image or HD video is sent to the cloudlet and
applied to one of the virtual machines running
in the cloudlet.
“Walking up to a large display in the lobby she
views the slide at full resolution over the Internet.
Using her smartphone for control, she zooms, pans
and rotates the slide as if at a lab microscope.
Privacy-sensitive clinical information displays
on her smartphone. Dr. Jones interprets the slide,
telephones the surgeon, and returns to dinner”
(Clinch et al., 2012, p.1). Other scenarios involving
transient display may involve personalized tourist
information or a visiting expert consultation real-
ized through the described above dynamic VM
synthesis supported by cloudlets. As the authors
put it, transient public display by mobile users is
now possible due to:
• The available display hardware for afford-
able deployment;
• Virtual machines for transient customization;
• Smart phones for actuation and access
control;
• Wireless networks for untethered commu-
nication; and
Display of Privacy-
Sensitive Information
Human computer interaction and embedded tech-
nologies exist in everyday life as wearable mobile
electronics. However, the ability to be constantly
online and connected can have a negative impact
on the user's privacy issues. Scientists are working
on designing the optimal scenario where one can
keep the privacy-sensitive part of information on
one's own mobile device (for example, a smart
cellphone, a tablet computer, a miniature wear-
able computer such as watch or wearable glove)
and at the same time interactively project a visual
part of information at large resolution to a large
display screen. Clinch, Harkes, Friday, Davies,
& Satyanarayanan (2012) envision a dynamic,
interaction-rich transient display model whereby
users walk up to a display and temporarily use
it to augment their mobile device. User devices
remain the root of identity, trust, customization
and interaction. Likewise, privacy-sensitive
information only appears on the mobile device.
For example, Dr Jones, a physician who is outside
of a hospital can interpret a pathology slide that
must be interpreted while surgery is in progress.
•
Cloud offloading for resource-intensive
tasks (Clinch et al., 2012, p.1).
Visual Search for Patterns
in Categorical Data Sets
Interactive visualization techniques support
search, exploration, and summarization of mul-
tiple sets of temporal (with built-in time aspects)
categorical data. Temporal Pattern Search (TPS)
is an algorithm for visual search and exploration
of temporal patterns of events in personal histories
(Wang, Deshpande, & Shneiderman, 2010). Tem-
poral patterns discernible in large databases such as
medical records, web server logs, legal, academic,
or criminal records can lead to the discovery of
cause-and-effect phenomena and support higher-
level tasks such as hypothesis generation (Wang,
2010). Software Lifelines2 (http://www.cs.umd.
edu/hcil/lifelines2/) is an interactive visualization
tool for visualizing temporal categorical data
