Graphics Reference
In-Depth Information
3.6. Open Source Intelligence
used by these roles, topics, associations, and oc-
currences. Visual semantics is used in design and
in presentation of three-dimensional objects, for
example, in experimenting with the design prod-
ucts: how to apply in practice semiotics of utility
products when describing purpose, function, and
qualities of this product. In the '80s the process
of developing the product semantics changed the
concepts about the optimization, marketing, and
aesthetics of commercial design.
Semantic networks are large structures com-
prising knowledge about interconnected cat-
egories, for example, taxonomies of knowledge
about animals and plants. An extensive research
is conducted in semiotic terms in relation to com-
munication with the use of multimedia. Topic
maps are being designed, which bridge knowledge
representation and information management by
building a structured semantic network above
information resources. Topic maps help navigate
on the web. The Data Web and the W3C semantic
web are aimed to grow as a universal database,
a medium for data, information, and knowledge
exchange. A Web3D Consortium is working on
transforming the web into a series of 3D spaces,
realized also by the Second Life - a free 3D
virtual world where users can socialize, connect
and create using free voice and text chat (http://
secondlife.com/).
As stated by Yu (2011, p.1), “Data integration
on the Web refers to the process of combining and
aggregating information resources on the Web
so they could be collectively useful to us.” The
semantic web has been described by the W3C
director Tim Berners-Lee as an evolving extension
of the World Wide Web, where information can
be expressed in a format that is readable and us-
able not only for humans but also for the software
applications, so they become capable of finding,
sharing, combining, and analyzing all the data on
the web (Berners-Lee, 2000). Definition placed
on the W3C Semantic Web site (2011) states,
“Semantic Web provides a common framework
that allows data to be shared and reused across
Another concept that deserves our attention is an
Open Source approach to designing, developing,
and distributing software, which allows a peer
production of a source code for an open-source
software that is available for public collaboration.
A user has access to a software source code, and
may introduce legally, with relaxed or non-existing
copyright restrictions, small changes in an already
existing code, adapt the program to one's own
needs, and thus use, change, or improve the soft-
ware. Through the Internet, it provides access to
various production models, communication paths,
and interactive communities. A number of posting
services offer opportunities for building a website
without knowing a specific software or having
expertise in the field; other applications allow
even more sophisticated content management,
which otherwise would require technical thinking.
Open source intelligence comes from publicly
available sources that are not covert or classi-
fied. It refers to finding, selecting, and analyzing
information (as opposed to covert or classified
sources). The raw data have different type (web
pages, claims, crime reports), source (Internet,
Intranet - a private computer network accessible
only to authorized persons, database, etc.), pro-
tocol (for example, HTTP - Hypertext Transfer
Protocol, HTTPS - Hypertext Transfer Protocol
over Secure Socket Layer, or FTP - File Transfer
Protocol) and language used.
3.7. Visualization of the
Semantic Web
Semantics (from the Greek semantikos, “signifi-
cant,”) defines the nature of meaning in language
and its role in a sentence. The interconnection of
topics to search for information goes through the
associations (relations between topics) and roles
linking the topics. Semantics make this network
meaningful through making definitions of types
for the different object, defined by the topics and
