Graphics Reference
In-Depth Information
(anchors) on a page, media type (html, text, images,
movies, animation, sound), last-modified-date,
and page structure. With a system of intersect-
ing circular and linear muscles, the human face
is capable of motions varying in intensity and
velocity. Davies et al. (2012) described factors
defining the identity and expression parameters
of human faces presented as a 3D Morphable
Model, where the identity parameters are set in
the initial frame and the expression parameters are
adjusted in subsequent frames. Othman, El Ghoul,
and Jemni (2012) developed algorithm based on
the topology of 3D face serves for segmenting a
3D head and extracting vertices of feature points;
they assessed it on full 3D heads with different
surfaces, gender and ethnicity.
Richard Brath (2009) described multiple shape
attributes that can be used within information
visualizations. Prior art from many fields and
experiments inform what the attributes of shape
are and the potential ways that we may effectively
utilize shapes to represent multiple data values
within information visualization. The independent
attributes of shape include closure, curvature,
corner angle and type, edge and end type, notch,
whiskers, holes, intersection, and local warp
(Brath, 2009). They can be used separately or
together to convey data attributes, as opposed to
icons, numbers, common symbols, or compound
glyphs. Scientific visualization represents physical
phenomena and is therefore restrained to a spatial
context, while information visualization often use
shape to represent only a single data attribute.
Scientific visualization often uses curvature-
based parametric shapes, glyphs with curvature
and twist, and blobs. Information visualization
utilizes shapes, such as Chernoff faces, physi-
cal objects, star coordinates, sticks, radar plots,
'growth' visualizations, and other organically
inspired visualizations. The use of multiple shape
attributes increases the expressive range and the
information density of visualizations. The experi-
ments show the potential to convey ten or more
different data attributes within a glyph based on
shape attributes.
See Table 7 for Your Reaction and Visual
Answer.
When we deal with several kinds of data, we
may use a metaphor to describe the structure and
the relations among data. Visual metaphors fulfill
a dual function: first, they graphically organize
and structure information, and second, they con-
vey an insight about the represented information
through the key characteristics of the metaphor
that is employed (Lengler & Eppler, 2006). We
may use graphics or show virtual environments,
often shaped by artist's fantasy. The success and
quality of any visualization depend on imagina-
tion, the retrieval of necessary data for visualiza-
tion, the choice of a suitable metaphor, and the
delivery method: whether to apply animation,
interconnection, or interaction.
For example, in an assignment “Day and
Night” students from my Computer Graphics
course presented visually their daily schedule of
activities using exclusively visual means of com-
munication, such as metaphors, icons, signs, or
symbols, and avoiding inserting any verbal content
(even ZZZZZ for sleeping was not used). The
work of Tiffany Mulford titled “Home” presents
an interactive use of icons to show daily actions
on her cellphone (Figure 3).
Visualization is not only making the unseen
visible - it is building a meaningful net of asso-
ciations and connotations. We create connotations,
analogies, signs, icons, acronyms, idioms, sym-
bols, synonyms, metaphors, and paraphrases. The
reader may want to perform in that order, imaging
the essence of a physical law, visualizing pro-
cesses, events, and relations, and then finding
metaphors for invisible forces.
Yet, we should remember that a metaphor
might have a different meaning in other cultural
or social environments, so some viewers may react
in unforeseen way.
See Table 8 for Your Reaction and Visual
Answer.
