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Figure 5. Anna Ursyn, “Yellow Pages” (© 1986, A. Ursyn. Used with permission)
stimuli applied to temporal lobes or to a limbic
system evoke memory-like hallucinations. Brain
areas involved during perception could be also
involved in mental imagery (Borst & Kosslyn,
2008). Research conducted with the use of fMRI
(Slotnick, Thompson, & Kosslyn, 2012) has shown
that visual long-term memory and visual mental
imagery rely on highly similar - but not identi-
cal - cognitive processes: they recruit common
control and sensory regions of the brain.
Imagery is important for our perception be-
cause it makes that sensations (sounds, shapes,
colors, tastes, and motions) convey meaning (Table
4). In the sixties, Rudolf Arnheim described artistic
activity as a form of reasoning, with perceiving
and thinking being indivisibly intertwined (Arn-
heim, 1969/2004). Thus, productive thinking is
perceptual thinking that takes place in the realm of
imagery, as visual perception lays the groundwork
of concept formation. Word and picture cannot be
split up into parts that have any meaning separately
(Arnheim, 1990). No Museum of Cognitive Art
has been opened yet, even though mental imagery
plays the significant role in cognitive thinking and
communication through art. However, a Museum
of Mathematics has been opened on December
15, 2012, at 11 East Street in Manhattan (http://
momath.org).
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