Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
reached. In the past, a variety of water quality indices have been proposed by
researchers worldwide (Table 9).
Geographic Information System (GIS) provides an efficient environment
for the development of a WQI.
Table 9. Different water quality indices developed and used
in the earlier studies
Parameters Used in Water Quality
Index
S. No. Name of Index
Country
Source
F, NO
3
, UO
2
, As, B, Ba, Cd, Cr, Ni,
Pb, Rn, Se, pH, KMnO
4
consumption, SO
4
, Cl, Ag, Al, Cu,
Fe, Mn, Na and Zn
Finland
Groundwater
Contamination
Index
Backman et
al. (1998)
1
TDS, SO
4
, Cl, F, NO
3
, NH
4
, Al, As,
Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, Sb,
Se and Zn
Slovakia
Groundwater
Quality Index
Melloul and
Collin (1998)
2
Israel
Cl and NO
3
Groundwater
Quality Index
NO
3
, PO
3
, Cl, TDS, BOD, Cd, Cr, Ni
and Pb
3
Egypt
Soltan (1999)
Temperature, mineralization,
corrosion coefficient, DO, BOD,
total N, protein N, total P and total
coliform
Surface Water and
Groundwater
Quality Index
Štambuk-
Giljanović
(1999)
4
Croatia
Groundwater
Quality Index and
Groundwater
Composition
Index
Stigter et al.
(2006)
5
Portugal
NO
3
, SO
4
, Cl and Ca
Temperature, hardness, DO, pH, EC,
alkalinity, turbidity, NO
3
, NO
2
, NH
3
,
Cl and SO
4
Surface Water
Quality Index
Vignolo et al.
(2006)
6
Argentina
Malaysian
Department of
Environment -
Surface Water
Quality Index
Shuhaimi-
Othman et al.
(2007)
DO, COD, BOD, TSS, NH
3
-N and
pH
7
Malaysia
Groundwater
Quality Index
Babiker et al.
(2007)
8
Japan
Cl, Ca, Na, Mg, SO
4
, TDS, NO
3
Surface Water
Quality Index
pH, EC, TSS, NH
3
, NO
2
, NO
3
, COD,
BOD, DO, temperature and total P
Sánchez et al.
(2007)
9
Spain
