Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 15.2 Countries where electrification rates are expected to
be near 100%.
TABLE 15.4 Top 10 countries where the DMSP estimated
electrification rate is lower than the IEA reported rate.
Country
DMSP
IEA
Difference
Country
DMSP Estimated (%)
Estimated (%) Reported (%)
Singapore
100.0
Thailand
70.2
99
−28 . 8
Netherlands
100.0
China
74.9
99.4
−24 . 5
Belgium
100.0
Cuba
76.2
95.8
−19 . 6
South Korea
100.0
Philippines
62.8
80.5
−17 . 7
Brazil
79.8
96.5
−16 . 7
Switzerland
99.6
Paraguay
70.2
85.8
−15 . 6
Czech Republic
99.5
Mongolia
52.2
64.6
−12 . 4
United Arab Emirates
99.6
Chile
87.2
98.6
−11 . 4
Japan
99.5
Cameroon
36.3
47
−10 . 7
Algeria
87.9
98.1
−10 . 2
Italy
99.4
United Kingdom
99.2
Saudi Arabia
99.1
United States
99.0
TABLE 15.5 Top 11 countries where the DMSP estimated
electrification rate is higher than the IEA reported rate.
Austria
98.9
Germany
98.3
Country
DMSP
IEA
Difference
Portugal
98.2
Estimated (%) Reported (%)
Sweden
98.1
Iraq
93.0
15
78.0
France
97.7
Congo
60.7
19.5
41.2
Pakistan
90.8
54
36.8
Qatar
100.0
70.5
29.5
Sri Lanka
95.3
66
29.3
TABLE 15.3 Countries with populations over a million and DMSP
estimated electrification rates under 20%.
Indonesia
79.5
54
25.5
Lesotho
34.8
11
23.8
Afghanistan
29.5
7
22.5
Country
DMSP
IEA
Gabon
69.0
47.9
21.1
Estimated (%)
Reported %
Bangladesh
53.0
32
21.0
India
75.8
55.5
20.3
Niger
19.8
Malawi
18.4
7
Chad
18.4
Papua New Guinea
17.9
service in the months following the US invasion in 2003. The IEA
summarized the COSIT surveys, concluding that only 15% of
Iraqi households had reliable access to electricity. The disparity
between the two electrification rate estimates for Iraq can be
attributed to the DMSP's ability to detect intermittent lighting
over the course of a year.
Other countries where the DMSP estimated electrification
rate exceeded the IEA reported value include Congo, Pakistan,
Sri Lanka, Qatar, Indonesia, Lesotho, Bangladesh, Afghanistan,
Gabon, and India. The Indian estimate from DMSP is 75.5%
nearly matches the DMSP estimate for China (75.6%). As with
China, the core of the DMSP identified population with no
lighting detected are located in a heavily populated zone known
as the poorest region of the nation, in this case the Ganges River
Plain stretching from Delhi to Calcutta.
There are several possible sources of error in the DMSP
estimates. There may be errors of omission, or undercounting
of the population with access to electricity in rural areas where
the outdoor lighting is not bright enough for DMSP detection.
This is the major source of error in developed countries such
Tanzania
17.7
11
Cambodia
15.8
20.1
Burkina Faso
15.7
7
Uganda
15.2
8.9
Madagascar
14.5
15
Rwanda
13.4
Ethiopia
12.4
15
Timor Leste
9.0
Burundi
7.7
Iraq, for which the IEA estimated an electrification rate of 15%
and the DMSP estimate was 88.1%. In WEO 2004 (IEA, 2004)
the electrification rate for Iraq was reported as 94.5%.for the
year 2002. The number was revised down for 2005 based on an
Iraq government report (COSIT, 2005), which includes results
of a household survey regarding the stability of electric power
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