Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Metamaterials
A synthetic material that gains its functional
properties, such as optical and electrical properties,
from its structure rather than from its composition.
Mineralization
Atechniqueinwhichmetalsormineralsaredeposited
and nucleated. VNPs have been mineralized with a
variety of minerals or metals.
Monodisperse
A monodisperse material is a material that is
uniform in shape and size.
Mutant
A genetically modified version of the wild-type
organism.
Nanografting
A nanolithographic technique that allows writing
structures on the nanometer-size scale. In
nanografting an AFM tip is used to remove molecules
from a coated surface. First a surface is coated with
a chemical (compound A); then the AFM tip is used
in contact mode to draw lines or other structures
on the surface by removing compound A from the
surface. A different functional chemical compound
(compound B) can then be introduced onto the
surface.
Nanolithography
A
technique
used
to
“write”
features
in
the
nanometer-size scale on surfaces.
Nanomolding
A nanolithographic technique used to create features
such as molds in the nanometer-size scale.
Nematic crystal
A nematic crystal is a liquid crystal. In a nematic
crystal molecules have long-range orientational
order, but do not show any positional order. The
molecules all point in one direction but there is no
side-to-side alignment. See also smectic crystal.
Nucleic acid
hybridization
The sequence-specific and non-covalent binding
between complementary single-stranded nucleic
acid strands to form a double-stranded hybrid
strand.
Nucleic acid
replication
The duplication of a DNA sequence by a DNA
polymerase.
Nucleophile
A nucleophile is any atom containing an unshared
pair of electrons or an excess of electrons able to
participate in covalent bond formations.
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