Playing “Nano -Lego ”: VNPs as Building Blocks for the Construction of Multi -Dimensional Arrays - Viral Nanoparticles: Tools for Materials Science and Biomedicine - page 185

CPMV particles could be specifically immobilized on the circular nano-
sized features by (i) hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions using CPMV
wild-type and MHA functional surfaces, and (ii) covalent immobilization
was achieved using CPMV Cys-added mutants and maleimide functional
templates (Fig. 7.12) (Smith et al ., 2003).

Figure 7.13 Atomic force microscopic (AFM)

height image of CPMV. Inset: model of genetically modified CPMV virus with unique
Cys residues (shown as red dots). (b) AFM height image of CPMV virus assembled
on micrometer-sized template. Inset: zoom-in section of the functionalized square
shown in Fig. 2b. (c) AFM height image of monolayer-thick virions assembled on
a parallel line pattern created by nanografting with the chemoselective linkers. (d)
Zoom-in section of Fig. 2c. Inset: zoom-in image of another section of the same
sample for Fig. 2c. Reproduced with permission from Cheung, C. L., Camarero,
J. A., Woods, B. W., Lin, T., Johnson, J. E., and De Yoreo, J. J. (2003) Fabrication of
assembled virus nanostructures on templates of chemoselective linkers formed by
scanning probe nanolithography,

Patterned CPMV particles on surfaces.

J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 125 (23), 6848-6849.

In a similar approach, nanografting was used to pattern a surface that
allows capturing and assembling CPMV into lines and squares. Cys-added
CPMV particles were covalently immobilized on maleimide-terminated
features created by nanografting (Fig. 7.13) (Cheung ., 2003). This

approach has been further extended and the controlled deposition of
His-added mutants has also been achieved; CPMV mutants displaying
hexa-His sequences were specifically bound onto Ni-NTA features (Cheung
et al

et al

., 2006). The reaction conditions (virus concentration and buffer

composition) were optimized facilitating capturing CPMV in a 1D “monoline”,
referring to a line consisting of single CPMV particles, where the line width
equates to a single CPMV particle (Fig. 7.14) (Cheung et al ., 2006).