Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
VNPs can often be observed on electron microscopic grids. Drying effects
and the negative stain (typically uranyl acetate or ammonium molybdate)
stabilize the formation of closely packed arrays of VNPs. Examples of self-
assembled hexagonal 2D monolayers of
Brome mosaic virus
(BMV) and
Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus
(CCMV) particles are shown in Fig. 7.9 (de
la Escosura
et al
., 2008; Sun
et al
., 2007).
Figure
Negative-stain transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images
hexagonally packed arrays of BMV particles (left panel) and CCMV particles (right
panel). Left panel: TEM, Fourier transforms (inserts), and corresponding Fourier
projection maps. (a) BMV 2D crystal. The lattice constant is 26 nm (one unit cell is
drawn), and the arrangement of the densities suggests a
7.9
= 3 structure. (b) BMV
VLP with encapsulated 12-nm-sized gold nanoparticle, also arranged in a 2D array.
The lattice constant is 25 nm. Reproduced with permission from Sun, J., DuFort,
C., Daniel, M. C., Murali, A., Chen, C., Gopinath, K., Stein, B., De, M., Rotello, V. M.,
Holzenburg, A., Kao, C. C., and Dragnea, B. (2007) Core-controlled polymorphism
in virus-like particles,
T
(4), 1354-1359. Right panel:
TEM micrographs of hexagonally packed arrays of CCMV with Prussian blue core
(a) and (b) by TEM on grids stained with ammonium molybdate; (c) by atomic
force microscopy on mica. Reproduced with permission from de la Escosura, A.,
Verwegen, M., Sikkema, F. D., Comellas-Aragones, M., Kirilyuk, A., Rasing, T., Nolte,
R. J., and Cornelissen, J. J. (2008) Viral capsids as templates for the production of
monodisperse Prussian blue nanoparticles,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
,
104
Chem. Commun.
, (13), 1542-1544.
. IMMoBIlIzAtIon oF VnPs on SolId SuPPortS
VNPs can be immobilized and bound onto surfaces using a range of
chemistries. In the previous section, deposition of VNPs using drying and
convective methods, as well as electrospinning and wetspinning, has already
been described (see Section 7.2). Such drying methods have also been
exploited to form complex and organized patterns of
Cowpea mosaic virus
Search WWH ::
Custom Search