The Art of Bioconjugation: Functionalization of VNPs - Viral Nanoparticles: Tools for Materials Science and Biomedicine - page 96

Figure 4.15 Schematic for the assembly of multifunctionalized CCMV particles. Two

populations of particles are labeled and disassembled, and their subunits are purified.
The differentially labeled subunits are subsequently mixed together at different
ratios during re-assembly, resulting in multifunctional particles. Reproduced with
permission from Gillitzer, E., Suci, P., Young, M., and Douglas, T. (2006) Controlled
ligand display on a symmetrical protein-cage architecture through mixed assembly,
Small

, 2 (8-9), 962-966.

4.3.6 Atachment of Proteins and Nanomaterials

Coupling strategies also allow the attachment of larger complexes such
as intact proteins, antibodies, or nanomaterials including quantum dots
(QDs), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and fullerenes to VNPs
(Chatterji et al. , 2004b; Portney et al. , 2005; Sapsford et al. , 2006; Sen Gupta

et al. , 2005a; Soto et al. , 2006; Steinmetz et al. , 2009b; Suci et al. , 2007a).

This can be achieved using homo- and heterobivalent chemical linkers and
covalent coupling; non-covalent strategies have also been explored (see
Section 4.3.8).