Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
2. Host Response to Biomaterials
2.1.
Overview: Process and progression
Host response to materials remains a developing area of study and is a highly
complex process comprised of finely orchestrated cascade of overlapping and
interrelated events. Upon injury, including the introduction of a biomaterial to
the host, the body begins a wound healing response to the foreign entity. Wound
healing is divided into three major phases: inflammation, tissue formation, and
remodeling. When there are biomaterials involved, the progression of wound
healing is modified to compensate for the persistent presence of the material in
the host. Thus, the progression of wound healing response in the presence of a
biomaterial can be divided into the following phases: injury, blood-material
Fig. 1. Wound healing process with and without implant in the host. In the presence of an implant,
the cascade of events that occur include the foreign body giant reaction in the host's attempt to wall
off the foreign material.
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