Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter 4
C HARACTERIZATION OF S OYBEAN C ULTIVARS :
R APID HPLC P ROFILING B ASED
ON P ROTEIN M ARKERS
Maria Luisa Marina and Maria Concepción García
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Alcalá, Ctra.
Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
A BSTRACT
During the past 30 years, breeding programs have developed many soybean varieties
for their adaptation to different geographical areas and for improving seed characteristics:
increasing protein and oil concentrations, improving protein quality, reducing
antinutritional compounds, etc. The differentiation among the increasing number of
soybean cultivars is not an easy task since many of them are genetically very close.
Traditional methodologies for the identification of soybean cultivars were based on
phenotypic characters from the leaf, stem, and seed. Since many different soybean
cultivars are indistinguishable based on these features, other methodologies have raised
as alternatives for cultivar characterization.
The characterization of soybean cultivars through the analysis of proteins has been
reviewed in this work. Special emphasis was made on the use of electrophoretic and
chromatographic techniques. The discussion of the results obtained by our research team
in relation with the differentiation of 91 soybean varieties through their protein profiles
obtained by a rapid chromatographic methodology will also be included.
I NTRODUCTION
Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a legume highly appreciated for its proteins, both for
their quantity and quality. Soybean contains approximately 38-40% proteins divided into four
groups: enzymes involved in the metabolism, structural proteins, membrane proteins, and
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