Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
50
40
30
20
10
0
1
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
Technical efficiency
Figure 3. Technical Efficiency of Wheat Farmers in Bangladesh.
Determinants of Production Inefficiency
The lower panel of Table 3 reports the determinants of technical inefficiency in wheat
production. The null hypotheses that the 'managerial variables are jointly zero' is strongly
rejected (Table 4), implying that technical efficiency in wheat farming is highly sensitive to
managerial factors. For example, failure to sow on time, delay in the first application of
fertilizer and selection of poor quality seeds significantly decrease efficiency. On the other
hand, education, agricultural information sources and training significantly increase
efficiency. Use of modern technology, i.e., mechanical power services instead of animal
power, also significantly improves efficiency. Efficiency increases with the size of operation.
Yield Gap Analysis and Identification of Constraints in Wheat Farming
In general, farmers' performance remains lower than their potential capacity to produce
largely due to underutilization of the most recently developed production technologies. There
is a scope to increase the yield level by minimizing the '
yield gap
'. The concept of yield gap
came from the constraint studies carried out by the International Rice Research Institute
(IRRI) which estimates a quantitative difference between experiment station yield and actual
farm level yield. There are two types of yield gap under different management of the
production environment: (a)
Gap-I is the difference between maximum level of yield realized
at the experiment station and the potential farm level yield.
and (b)
Gap-II is the difference
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