Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
1.23% annually in different provinces. The most significant increase in grain yield occurred
in the early 1980s in Zones I, II and III.
On average, spikes/m
2
decreased from Beijing (741), to Hebei (643), Henan (591),
Shandong (568), Jiangsu (448) and Sichuan (411), whereas kernels per spike and kernel
weight per spike increased from north to south, but thousand kernal weight (TKW) was
higher in Shandong and Henan than other provinces (Table 2). However, in terms of genetic
improvement for yield components, notable variation for was found in all six provinces
(Table 3). There was no clear common trend across the trials in terms of changes for kernels
per spike and spikes number, with the exception of kernel weight per spike and TKW.
Table 1. Average wheat grain yield and its genetic improvement in autumn-sown zones
from 1949 to 2000
Zone
No. of
cultivars
Province/Location
Mean of yield
(t/ha)
Annual genetic gain in grain
yield
%
kg /ha/year
I
10
Beijing
5.39
1.23
64.27
II
11
Hebei/Shijiazhuang
6.84
0.48
32.07
15
Shandong/Jinan
6.55
0.48
32.09
11
Henan/Zhengzhou
7.02
1.05
72.11
III
11
Jiangsu/Nanjing
4.56
0.31
13.96
V
15
Sichuan/Chengdu
5.94
0.74
40.96
Table 2. Yield components of leading cultivars released in Zones I, II, III and V from
1949 to 2000
Province
Beijing
Hebei
Shandong
Henan
Jiangsu
Sichuan
Spikes/m
2
741
643
568
591
448
411
Kernels per spike
20.8
29.5
33.0
31.2
40.0
41.5
Thousand kernal
weight (g)
35.5
36.7
43.3
40.3
37.2
38.7
Kernel weight per
spike (g)
0.74
1.09
1.19
1.15
1.23
1.61
Table 3. Genetic gain (%) of yield components in leading cultivars released in Zones I,
II, III and V
Spikes/m
2
Zone
Province
Kernels per
spike
TKW
Kernel weight
per spike
I
Beijing
0.65*
0.60
1.30**
1.79**
II
Hebei
-.079*
0.99**
0.06
1.00**
Shandong
-0.74*
0.54*
0.35
0.78**
Henan
0.59
-0.10
0.51
0.54
III
Jiangsu
0.51
0.14
0.32
0.58
V
Sichuan
-0.11
0.20
0.65**
0.87**
* and ** indicate significance at
p
= 0.05 and 0.01, respectively.
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