Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter 24
Life Cycles of Polyomaviridae —
DNA Tumor Virus
Masaaki Kawano,
†
Hiroshi Handa
‡
and
R. Holland Cheng*
,†
Simian virus 40 (SV40) is a non-enveloped DNA virus. It is known to have
been accidentally introduced to a large segment of the human population
during the mid-20th century through tainted polio vaccines produced in the
kidney cells of African green monkeys and rhesusu monkeys. Studies have
indicated that when the virus invades certain mammalian cells, its reproduc-
tion is often hindered, but the virus may produce T-antigen and incite onco-
genic transformation in the host. SV40 has been shown to incite tumor
growth in rodents and may be linked to the development of mesothelioma
and certain other kinds of cancer in humans. Therefore, SV40 has been well
analyzed as a tumor model. Recently, the host cell receptors for SV40
have been identified and it has been shown to pass from surface caveolae
to the endoplasmic reticulum in apparently novel infectious entry pathway.
*E-mail: rhch@ucdavis.edu
†
Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis CA 95616, USA.
‡
Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503,
Japan.
Abbreviations
: Simian virus 40; SV40; Virus-like particles; VLPs; polyomavirus; JC; BK;
minichromosome; Nuclear localization signals; NLSs; Sp1; hsc70; DnaK; J-domain; large
T-antigen; hsp70; the major histocompatibility complex; MHC; human lymphocyte antigen;
HLA; integrin; neuraminidase; gangliosides; GD1a; GT1b; GM1; GD1b; endocytosis; caveolae;
endoplasmic reticulum; ER; EGTA; dithiothreitol; DTT; (PDI)-like protein; ERp29; gene
transfer; Propidium iodide; PI; human dendritic cells; DC; vaccination.
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