Human Rhinovirus Cell Entry and Uncoating - Structure-Based Study of Viral Replication - page 1

Chapter 1
Human Rhinovirus Cell Entry
and Uncoating
Renate Fuchs * ,† and Dieter Blaas ‡
Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are small, icosahedral, non-enveloped, single-
stranded positive-sense RNA viruses. Out of the 74 type A serotypes 12, the
minor group bind members of the LDL receptor-family; the remainder plus
all the 25 type B HRVs bind intercellular adhesion molecule-1. HRVs enter
cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis. The ensuing structural modifica-
tions lead to release of the viral RNA into the cytosol where virus replica-
tion takes place. Binding to plasma membrane receptors, entry into the cell,
uncoating, and penetration of the viral genome are discussed with respect
to receptor and virus structure. Despite high structural similarity, major and
minor group HRVs, as well as the individual major group serotypes, differ
with respect to the process of entry and uncoating.
Introduction
Since the isolation of a common cold virus from nasal mucus and its
propagation in tissue culture, 1 much has been learned about the repli-
cation cycle of these small, icosahedral, single-stranded positive-sense
*Corresponding author.
† Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20,
A-1090 Vienna, Austria; E-mail: [e-mail].
‡ Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University Departments at the Vienna Biocenter, Department of
Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr Gasse 9/3, A-1030 Vienna,
Austria; E-mail: [e-mail].
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