Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Species
CO
2
(g) (ppmv);
CO
2
(μatm); pH; Ω; [CO
2-
]
(μmol kg
-1
)
p
Other
variables/
comments
Duration
Observed effect(s)
Ref.
Corals
Tropical and subtropical corals
Acropora sp.
Ca
2+
Ω
a
: 0.98; 1.95; 2.93; 3.90; 5.85
20 days
Nonlinear decrease in calcii cation rate as a function of decreasing aragonite
saturation state. Saturation state was altered by manipulating calcium
concentration.
[21]
Acropora cervicornis
p CO
2
: 352-373; 714-771
Nutrients
16 weeks
Signii cant decrease in growth rate as a result of both nutrient and high-CO
2
treatments. The negative effect was exacerbated when these parameters
were combined.
[62]
pH
SWS
: 8.00-8.10; 7.66-7.73
Acropora digitifera
p CO
2
: 400-475; 775-1005;
930-1260; 905-1660;
2115-3585; 12600-21100
N/A
Sperm l agellar motility decreased signii cantly in response to decreasing
pH. 69% of sperm were motile at pH
T
8.0, 46% at pH
T
7.8, and fewer than
20% at pH
T
<7.7.
[55]
pH
T
: 8.03; 7.77; 7.69; 7.64;
7.31; 6.55
Ω
a
: 3.2-3.5; 1.9-2.3; 1.6-2.0;
1.2-2.0; 0.6-1.0; 0.1-0.2
Acropora digitifera
p CO
2
: 400-475; 905-1660;
2115-3585
4-14 days
Survival of larvae was not signii cantly affected by pH, but polyps were
signii cantly smaller under conditions of lower pH. The infection rate by
zooxanthellae was signii cantly delayed in low-pH conditions, but all polyps
in all treatments acquired zooxanthellae by day 4 of the experiment.
[73]
pH
T
: 8.03; 7.64; 7.31
Ω
a
: 3.2-3.5; 1.2-2.0; 0.6-1.0
Calcii cation rate was positively correlated to [CO
3
2-
] and Ω
a
. A reduction in [CO
3
2-
]
by 30% reduced calcii cation by 50%. Photosynthesis and respiration did
not show any signii cant response to changes in seawater CO
2
.
Acropora eurystoma
p CO
2
: 175.65-889.43
pH
SWS
: 7.87-8.5
Ω
a
: 1.5-6.4
Different
combinations
of keeping C
T
,
pH or pCO
2
constant
1-2 h
[69]
Acropora formosa
p CO
2
: 260-460; 600-790;
1160-1500
4 days
Chlorophyll a per cell increased while photosynthetic capacity per chlorophyll
decreased with increasing CO
2
. Dark respiration remained constant whereas
light-enhanced dark respiration increased with increasing CO
2
.
[14]
pH
SWS
: 8.0-8.2; 7.8-7.9;
7.55-7.65
Acropora intermedia
p CO
2
: 130-465; 520-705;
1010-1360
Temperature
8 weeks
Net productivity was unaffected by intermediate CO
2
levels, but increased
combined with a temperature increase of 3ºC. At the high CO
2
treatment,
productivity decreased radically. Elevated CO
2
and T caused bleaching by
40-50%. Calcii cation (wt% month
-
1
) decreased by 60% at the high-CO
2
and high-T treatment.
[3]
pH
SWS
: 8.0-8.4; 7.85-7.95;
7.60-7.70
Ω
a
: 3.3-7.1; 2.5-3.5; 1.5-2.2
