Chitosan-based Materials in Waste Water Treatment––Recent Developments - Natural Polymers, Biopolymers, Biomaterials, and Their Composites, Blends, and IPNs - page 32

be used as a low cost alternative for anionic dyes removal from industrial wastewater
(Hua and Yue Zhu et al., 2010). A novel biocompatible composite (chitosan-zinc ox-
ide nanoparticle) was used to adsorb the dye like AB26 and DB78. It concluded that
the CS/n-ZnO being a biocompatible, eco-friendly and low-cost adsorbent might be
a suitable alternative for elimination of dyes from colored aqueous solution (Raziyeh
et al., 2010).
The effect of temperature on adsorption of reactive blue 19(RB19) by cross-linked
chitosan/oil palm ash composite beads was investigated. It was observed that the up-
take of this dye increased with increasing temperature (Masitah et al., 2009). A new
type composite flocculant, polysilicate aluminum ferric-chitosan was prepared. The
performance was analyzed by testing the removal of efficiency of Cu 2 , Ni 2 , Zn 2 , Cd 2 ,
and Cr 6+ of heavy metals wastewater. For different heavy metal ions, the best removal
efficiency of Cr 6+ and Ni 2+ were 100% and 82.2% respectively (Wu et al., 2010).
Blends of Chitosan
A N,O -Carboxy methyl chitosan/cellulose acetate blend nano filtration membrane was
prepared in acetone solvent. It had been tested to separate chromium and copper from
effluent treatment. The highest rejection was observed to be 83.40% and 72.60%, re-
spectively (Alka et al., 2010). A chitosan/cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol ultra
filtration membrane was prepared with DMF as solvent. It was focused to be efficient
in removing chromium from artificial and tannery effluent wastewater. The highest
rejection rate was responding (Sudha et al., 2008).Cross-linked chitosan/polyvinyl al-
cohol blend beads were prepared and studied for the adsorption capacity of Cd 2+ from
wastewater. The maximum adsorption of Cd(II) ions was found to be 73.75% at pH 6
(Kumar et al., 2009).
The study of reuse of wastewater generated in the dyeing of nylon-6,6 fabrics
and treated by adsorption process with nylon-6,6/chitosan (80/20) blend flakes were
carried out. The efficiency in color removal of the adsorption process varied between
97 and 98% with exception of yellow erinoyl effluents which gave 65%. The reuse
of treated wastewater from polyamide dyeing under the tested condition is feasible
although with some restriction for yellow especially (Barcellos et al., 2008).
Adsorption of Remazol Violet on to the chitosan grafted with polyacrylamide was
optimized, kinetic and thermodynamic studies were carried out taking chitosan as ref-
erence. The chitosan grafted with polyacrylamide was found to be very efficient in
removing color from real industrial wastewater (Vandana Singh et al., 2009). Highly
porous adsorption hollow fiber membranes were directly prepared from chitosan and
cellulose acetate blend solutions and were examined for copper ion removal from
aqueous solution in a batch adsorption mode. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopic
study confirmed that the adsorption of copper ions on the CS/CA blend hollow fiber
membranes was mainly attributed to the formation of surface complexes with the ni-
trogen atoms of CS in the hollow fiber membranes (Chunxiu liu and Renbi Bai, 2006).
A new form of polymer blend, macroporous chitosan/poly vinyl alcohol foams
made by a starch expansion process, exhibits the functionalities of chitosan while
avoiding its poor mechanical properties and chemical instabilities. The chitosan/poly