A data acquisition framework for runoff prediction in ungauged basins - Runoff Prediction in Ungauged Basins: Synthesis across Processes, Places and Scales - page 45

Figure 3.12. Examples of
anthropogenic effects on runoff.
(a) Runoff of the Inn at
Kajetansbrücke, Austria, illustrating
hydropower regulation effects on
runoff. Note the pattern of the
weekdays/weekend and 6 January as
a holiday (Epiphany). (b) Daily
runoff pattern at Vudee weir,
Tanzania, dominated by farmers
managing water diversions. During
the day farmers divert water
according to agreements with
downstream users. On Sunday they
release water for downstream use.
On Wednesday a nearby group of
farmers are allowed to irrigate.
From Mul et al.( 2011 ).

100

a)

80

60

40

20

0

Jan 1 Jan 15 Jan 22 Jan 29

Jan 8

25

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

20

15

10

5

b)

0

Sep 9 Sep 10 Sep 11 Sep 12 Sep 13 Sep 14 Sep 15

Figure 3.13. Global distribution (by country) of large reservoirs. From Lehner et al.( 2011 ).

Snowmelt-dominated water inputs and warm, sunny,
dry summers in the region lead to strong seasonality of
hydrological behaviour, starting with a long winter period
of frozen ground and snow accumulation that can last from

November until June. During this period, runoff is minimal
and the catchment stores water in the snowpack for more
intense melt delivery with spring snowmelt. The duration
and intensity of annual snowmelt is climate dependent and