HETEROGENEOUS NANOSTRUCTURES FOR BIOMEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS - Bio-Inspired and Nanoscale Integrated Computing - page 450

GOx

FAD

NH

C O

e −

C

O

NH

S

Figure 16.21. A schematic diagram of CNT mediator between GOx and anode of
the biofuel cell. The cofactor, FAD, is embedded in GOx, which is linked to the
mediator, a carbon nanotube (CNT). The carboxylic group on the other end is
linked to the anode electrode. This construct brings the redox reactions close to
the surface of electrode to facilitate electron transfer [44].

Alternatively, Katz and Willner have demonstrated gold (Au) nanoparticles
as an efficient mediator for glucose sensing applications since it is based on the
variations in surface plasmon resonance reflectivity angle due to steady state
charging of nanoparticles [42].