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(i)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(j)
(f)
(g)
(h)
Fig. 1 Proxy records for Holocene changes of the SWW compared to transient model results.
a Precipitation reconstruction from Lake Aculeo, central Chile (Jenny et al.
2003
). b Al content
record from core LL-KL009, Lake LleuLleu, central Chile as a paleoprecipitation proxy. c Fe
content changes recorded in core GeoB 3313-1 retrieved from the Chilean continental margin at
41
S. d Silt/clay ratio record from core SK1 (fjord Seno Skyring) recording the long-distance
eastward transport of illite-rich Andean clay from the Patagonian Batholith, which can be taken as
a
°
wind strength proxy (Lamy et al.
2010
). e Terrestrial organic carbon accumulation rate
record from lake core TML1 in the Strait of Magellan fjord region (Lamy et al.
2010
). f SST
gradients between the eastern tropical Paci
c (core V19-28; Koutavas and Sachs
2008
) and a mid-
latitude SE Paci
c record (core GeoB 7139; Kaiser et al.
2008
). g Diatom assemblage-based
summer SST record from the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean at
“
direct
”
S (Bianchi and
Gersonde
2004
). h
231
Pa/
230
Th record from a subtropical North Atlantic sediment core taken as a
proxy for the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (McManus et al.
2004
).
Vertical bars mark the multi-millennial Holocene periods (red = early Holocene intensi
cation of
the core SWW and weakening of the northern margin; blue = late Holocene weakening of the core
SWW and intensi
cation of the northern margin; yellow = intermediate conditions during the
middle Holocene). i Southern hemisphere zonal wind (m/s) climatology at 850 hPa and SSTs for
austral summer. Study areas in central and southern Chile are marked. j Zonally averaged seasonal
and annual trends in low-level zonal wind for the period 7 ka BP to pre-industrial. Results are from
CCSM3 (Varma et al.
2012a
)
53
°
*
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