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18 O records from Cuba as a proxy for
precipitation in the northern Caribbean Sea. More negative
Fig. 1 Biannually to decadally resolved stalagmite
δ
18 O values re ect higher precipitation
(Fensterer et al. 2012 , 2013 ). Monthly resolved coral Sr/Ca records from Bonaire as a proxy for
SST in the southern Caribbean Sea. Lower Sr/Ca ratios re ect higher temperatures (Giry et al.
2012 ). The two longest records are shown in detail. The corresponding coral
δ
18 O records and
δ
18 O seawater records (Giry et al. 2013 ) are not shown
reconstructed δ
-
In the northern Caribbean, stalagmite records with a resolution of 4
10 and
18 O values between 10 and 6 ka
15 years indicate a transition from higher to lower
δ
18 O record
(Fensterer et al. 2013 ). The amount effect associated with the simulated northward
shift of the ITCZ during the early to mid-Holocene cannot fully explain this tran-
sition. However, our sensitivity studies using the COSMOS model attribute this
transition mainly to the source effect, i.e., to changes in the
BP (Fig. 1 ), which is also evident
in a planktonic foraminiferal
δ
18 O of seawater
resulting from melting of the Laurentide ice sheet (Wei and Lohmann 2012 ).
Moreover, a biannually resolved stalagmite
δ
18 O record indicates that high rainfall
amounts on Cuba on multidecadal timescales are strongly related to high SST in the
North Atlantic, suggesting an important control of the Atlantic Multidecadal
Oscillation (AMO) on northern Caribbean precipitation during the late Holocene
δ
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