Global Land Use and Technological Evolution Simulations to Quantify Interactions Between Climate and Pre-industrial Cultures - Integrated Analysis of Interglacial Climate Dynamics (INTERDYNAMIC) - page 101

Lemmen 2003 ) but also within the broader region of Europe and the Mediterranean.
For the first time, a numerical model shows that the transition to agriculture can also

be explained by information exchange, rather than migration (Lemmen et al. 2011 ).
Climate events may not have been as important for early sociocultural dynamics
as endogenous factors. This could be demonstrated by using idealized climate
events (Wirtz et al. 2010 ) to disturb societies in GLUES. Time-series anomalies
were spatially weighted to assess the regional impact of abrupt climate excursions
(Lemmen and Wirtz 2012 ); climate induced population decline can lead to loss of
knowledge, and could impact regional technological development. Typical
observed lags between cultural complexes were simulated only by a simulation
which included climate extremes (Lemmen and Wirtz 2012 ; Lemmen et al. 2011 ).
The reason for the vulnerability of several societies to climate changes is their
cultural specialization, that is, the restriction to only few different subsistence
economies. Continuous maintenance of a diverse pool of technologies played an
important role in determining the resilience of Neolithic populations to changing
climates. In conclusion, past cultural and sociotechnological changes appear much
less determined by Holocene climate variability than often suggested in the liter-
ature, while the in

uence of past agriculture on the global carbon cycle may have
been larger than previously thought.

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