Global Land Use and Technological Evolution Simulations to Quantify Interactions Between Climate and Pre-industrial Cultures - Integrated Analysis of Interglacial Climate Dynamics (INTERDYNAMIC) - page 100

Boreal/montane forest

70

PLASIM + CARAIB
6600-6500 BP

Cool temperate mixed forest
Cool temperate conifer forest
Temperate broadleaved deciduous forest
Warm temperate mixed forest
Warm temperate conifer forest
Warm temperate broadleaved evergreen forest
Sub-tropical forest
Tropical seasonal forest
Tropical rainforest
Cold temperate/boreal open woodland
Warm temperate open woodland
Tropical savanna
Temperate grassland

65

60

55

50

45

Tropical grassland

40

Tundra
Semi-desert
Desert
Ice or polar desert

35

30

-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Longitude( ° )

Fig. 1 European vegetation distribution for 6 ka BP, simulated by the high-resolution vegetation
model CARAIB forced with PLASIM climate

Fig. 2 Fraction of agricultural activity versus foraging subsistence at a critical transition time
(6,900 years BP/4950 BC), when the GLUES-simulated frontier between farmers and foragers ran
across central Europe

range of anthropogenic activities, and the Early Anthropocene hypothesis (Kaplan
et al. 2011 ; Lemmen 2010 ).
Simulations of the transition to agriculture (Fig. 2 ) agree with archeological site
data across Western Eurasia within a model uncertainty of

500 years (Lemmen
and Wirtz 2012 ; Lemmen et al. 2011 ). Thus, GLUES is able to realistically simulate
the onset of agriculture not only on a global scale as previously reported (Wirtz and

±