Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 13.2 Characteristics of Three Artificial Soils
Soil Name
Sand
Silt
Clay
Soil-water characteristic
w
sat
0.28 (28%)
0.38 (38%)
0.80 (80%)
10
6
a
500
200,000
5
×
b
3
2.5
2.8
w
r
0.03 (3%)
0.08 (8%)
0.10 (10%)
Characteristics of hysteresis
D
SL
0.2
0.35
0.5
R
SL
2
1.5
1.5
β
0.1
0.1
0.1
Compression indices
C
c
0.01
0.20
0.50
C
s
0.003
0.040
0.100
Specific gravity
G
s
2.60
2.70
2.80
Pore shape parameter
η
2
2
2
120
Artificial clay
Artificial silt
Artificial sand
100
80
60
40
20
0
10
6
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10,000
100,000
Soil suction, kPa
Figure 13.44
Initial drying SWCCs for artificial sand, silt, and clay.
at water contents below the shrinkage limit. The transition
of the shrinkage curve between low and high water contents
is a smooth curve.
The void ratio, gravimetric water content, and degree of
saturation can also be calculated for the artificial silt. The
stress paths adhered to are shown in Fig. 13.46. The steps
in the stress path are (i) the (initial) slurry condition; (ii) the
path when the soil is isotropically loaded to a net mean
stress of 200 kPa; (iii) the path when the soil is dried to
100 kPa and then wetted to 0.1 kPa soil suction; and (iv) the
path when the soil is dried to 10
6
kPa and then wetted to
0.1 kPa soil suction. The predicted void ratio, gravimetric
water content, and degree of saturation versus soil suction
for the specified stress paths are shown in Figs. 13.47, 13.48,
and 13.49. The model simulations are realistic in all cases.
Hysteresis in the SWCC is taken into account.
2.0
Sand
Silt
Clay
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
w
×
G
s
Figure 13.45
Shrinkage curves for artificial sand, silt, and clay.
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