Environmental Engineering Reference
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φ
b
Table 11.1 Experimental Values Measured for
c
φ
φ
b
Soil Type
(kPa)
(deg)
(deg)
Test Procedure
Reference
Compacted shale;
w
15.8
24.8
18.1
Constant water content
triaxial
Bishop et al. (1960)
=
18.6%
Boulder clay;
w
=
11.6%
9.6
27.3
21.7
Constant water content
triaxial
Bishop et al. (1960)
Dhanauri clay;
w
=
22.2%,
37.3
28.5
16.2
Consolidated drained
triaxial
Satija (1978)
1580 kg/m
3
ρ
d
=
Dhanauri clay;
w
=
22.2%,
20.3
29.0
12.6
Constant drained triaxial
Satija (1978)
1478 kg/m
3
ρ
d
=
Dhanauri clay;
w
=
22.2%,
15.5
28.5
22.6
Consolidated water
content triaxial
Satija (1978)
1580 kg/m
3
ρ
d
=
Dhanauri clay;
w
=
22.2%,
11.3
29.0
16.5
Constant water content
triaxial
Satija (1978)
1478 kg/m
3
ρ
d
=
22.5
a
Madrid grey clay;
w
=
29%
23.7
16.1
Consolidated drained
direct shear
Escario (1980)
Undisturbed decomposed
granite; Hong Kong
28.9
33.4
15.3
Consolidated drained
multistage triaxial
Ho and Fredlund
(1982a)
Undisturbed decomposed
rhyolite; Hong Kong
7.4
35.3
13.8
Consolidated drained
multistage triaxial
Ho and Fredlund
(1982a)
Tappen-Notch Hill silt;
w
0.0
35.0
16.0
Consolidated drained
multistage triaxial
Krahn et al. (1989)
=
21.5%,
1590 kg/m
3
ρ
d
=
Compacted glacial till;
w
10.0
25.3
7-25.5
Consolidated drained
multistage direct shear
Gan et al. (1988)
=
12.2%,
1810 kg/m
3
ρ
d
=
a
Average value.
Figure 11.10
Line of intercepts along failure plane on
τ
versus
u
a
−
u
w
plane.
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