Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 7.8 Parameters for SWCCs
Soil
No.
Description
Symbol
RS
MRF 60-40
GS
1
Saturated volumetric water content
θ
s
0.555
0.525
0.382
2
Air-entry value
ψ
a
(kPa)
2.748
0.468
0.110
3
Residual volumetric water content
θ
r
0.300
0.258
0.021
4
Residual matric suction
ψ
r
(kPa)
163.598
40.209
0.401
5
Water-entry value
ψ
w
(kPa)
42.949
5.568
0.285
6
Best-fitting parameters (drying curve)
a
f
(kPa)
4.079
0.870
0.176
n
f
2.231
1.446
4.440
m
f
0.230
0.314
1.130
7
Best-fitting parameters (wetting curve)
a
f
(kPa)
6.277
0.484
0.071
n
f
1.204
1.935
1.232
m
f
1.808
0.615
2.710
and a digital flowmeter were installed. The amount of
applied precipitation was monitored. The measuring devices
were connected to data acquisition systems for continuous
monitoring during the experiments. The arrangement of
tensiometers and TDR probes in the slope models is shown
in Fig. 7.37.
A rainfall simulator was used to apply a rainfall event to
the slope model. The rainfall was produced using two noz-
zles installed at both ends of the infiltration box. A high air
pressure (i.e., 300 kPa), was used to distribute water as a mist
along the slope model. Three infrared light bulbs, or three
fans, or a combination of both was used to simulate different
rates of evaporation. The light bulbs were 175W and the air
flow capacity of each fan was 84 L/s. More details on the
experimental setup used in this study are given in Tami et al.,
(2004c), and Krisdani et al. (2005) (Table 7.9).
The instantaneous profile method (Watson, 1966; Hillel
et al., 1972; Olson and Daniel, 1981; Fredlund and Rahardjo,
1993a; Meerdink et al., 1996) was used to compute the per-
meability functions for the residual soil and the soil mixture
2450 mm
1600 mm
T-54
T-53
T-52
T-51
T- 6 3
T- 6 2
T- 6 1
Cross section T
T- 4 4
T- 4 3
T- 4 2
T- 4 1
750 mm
T- 3 4
T- 3 3
T- 3 2
T- 3 1
Cross section B
T-24
T-23
T-22
T-21
TDR-72
TDR-71
TDR-62
TDR-61
TDR-52
TDR-51
1690 mm
T-13
TDR-42
TDR-41
TDR-32
TDR-31
Tensiometer tip
TDR waveguide
TDR-22
TDR-21
TDR-12
TDR-11
Figure 7.37
Location of measuring devices and designated cross sections along slope model
(after Krisdani et al., 2009).
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