Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Woven bone
(primary)
Chondral
ossification
Articular cartilage
Lamellar bone
(secondary)
Discs and menisci
Tendon
Woven bone
(primary)
Deformation (strain)
Ligament
(a)
Desmoid ossification
d
G
IS
Granulation tissue
Fibrous tissue
Cartilage
Bone
(b)
100%
10%
2%
0%
Figure 4.5
Sheme of the differentiation theories proposed
by (a) Pauwels [79]; (b) Perren [80].
fluid flow in the interstitial fluid phase. High magnitudes of both favor fibrous
tissue formation and low-magnitude ossification. This differentiation theory has
been widely applied to simulate fracture healing [94-96], distraction osteogenesis
[97], a rabbit bone chamber [98], osteochondral defect repair [99], and in random
walk models of cell dispersal [100].
4.7
Mechanistic Models of Bone Fracture Healing
In general, bone healing models are presented in two different ways. On the one
hand, there are static biomechanical models in which bone healing is analyzed
