The Dialectic of Pro-Poor Papaya - The Oxford Topic of Food, Politics, and Society - page 767

in order to defend his virus-resistant transgenic papaya against activist demands that all
GMOs in Hawaii should be eliminated by law.
Anylong-termoutcomeofthisdebateremainsbyitsnatureunpredictable.Itisclear
that activist efforts against GE crops that have been developed outside the main com-
mercial commodity sectors, where the presence of multinational corporate firms is sig-
niicant,havebeen—atleastinthecaseoftransgenicpapayainhailand—instrumental
in preventing their deployment. The Thai case reinforces a general conclusion of com-
parativestudies: ItisthepoliticallycontroversialnatureofGEcropdevelopmentthat
has so far done most to limit its deployment rather than any limitations inherent in the
technologyitselforitsfailuretoproducetangiblebeneits(Herring2008).
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