Global Movements for Food Justice - The Oxford Topic of Food, Politics, and Society - page 730

6. Approximatelyone-ithofLVC'smemberorganizationshailfromEurope,theUnited
States,Canada,orJapan.
7. Although only acknowledged in passing here, it is clearly in the interest and “nature” of
any movement to “claim to represent more than they represent” (R. Herring, pers. comm .).
An excellent overview of the tensions between identity, representation, and reality in
transnationalagrarianmovementsisgiveninBorraset al.(2008).
8. FurtherexplanationsofLVC'sinternalprocessesandstructurescanbefoundinDesmarais
(2007,27-33,135-189).
9. Panitch(1994)hasobservedthatfreemarketsinfactrepresentthetransformationofthe
statetoprotecttheinterestsofcapital,not(asiscommonlyperceived)theretreatofstates
fromregulation.SeealsoPinder(2011).
10. ManyofthemeasurescalledforbyLVCinfactimplyandnecessitatestateinvolvement.
Thanks to M. Montenegro for pointing this out. Elaboration on the conceptual tensions
herecanbefoundinPatel(2009).
11. Similarly,JohnstonandMacKendrick(thisvolume)“identifygreaterpromiseforreform”
fromacitizen-based,democraticapproachthanfromonebasedinso-called“consumer
sovereignty.”heirconceptionofecologicalcitizenshipechoesWittman'sagrariancitizen-
ship, a model seeking to “reconnect agriculture, society, and environment through sys-
temsofmutualobligation”(Wittman2010,91).
12. Genderisaparticularlyimportantelementhere,asruralwomen'slaborotengoesuncom-
pensated, undercounted, or gets overlooked, while their political rights are underempha-
sized(BruceandDwyer1988,Agarwal,thisvolume).
13. Asbefore,thisrefelctsAlam's(2008)nomenclatureoftheMinority(GlobalNorth)and
Majority(GlobalSouth)Worlds.
14. “Corporate power is now so great within and between national borders that it is redefining
what is meant by a “market” . . . corporate policy is becoming more fully engaged in public
policytofurtheritsowninterests,thusraisingquestionsaboutaccountability,”(Langand
Heasman2004,127).
15. hisintentionallyechoesEinstein'sot-paraphrasedcomment: “hesupremegoalofalltheory
is to make the irreducible basic elements as simple and as few as possible without having to
surrendertheadequaterepresentationofasingledatumofexperience”(Einstein1934,165).
16. “Itisremarkableintoday'sworldthatamovementcanbecoordinatedbyaMuslim,andincorpo-
rate Christians, Hindus, Buddhists and members of many other religions, together with radical
Marxist and social democratic atheists, all scarcely without raising an eyebrow internally. The
místicaplaysakeyroleinmakingthispossible”(Martínez-TorresandRosset2010).
17. Althoughseedshavenotbeenextensivelydiscussedhere,LVChasdeclaredthat“sustain-
ability is completely impossible if the right of the peoples to recover, defend, reproduce,
exchange,improveandgrowtheirownseedisnotrecognized”(LaVíaCampesina2001).
18. Relatedly,Rangnekar(2002)foundevidenceofincreasinglyrapidplannedobsolescence
in commercial wheat varieties in the UK, creating pressure to buy new, patented seeds on a
more and more frequent basis.
19. TranslatedfromPortuguesebytheauthor(MJC).
References
Agarwal,B.2015.“FoodSecurity,Productivity,andGenderInequality.”In Oxford Handbook of
Food, Politics and Society , edited by R. Herring. Oxford: Oxford University Press.