Wild Foods - The Oxford Topic of Food, Politics, and Society - page 477

Table 19.1 The management of nonagricultural ecosystems by farmers,
hunter-gatherers and foragers

Agricultural
equivalent

Practice Detail Examples

Harvesting and hunting Hunting of particular

species or individuals, at
particular times
Sparing young animals
and fish
Rotational hunting and
no-take zones
Closed fishing areas and
closed season
Allowing portion of fish
catch to escape
Taboos and rituals for
certain people and
animals
Nomination of stewards
to regulate hunting

Crop harvesting
Livestock raising

Muttonbird (sooty
shearwater) gathering by
Māori
Aboriginal caretakers
Beaver bosses of Cree,
rested hunting and
trapping areas
Sparing lead caribou
individuals (as have
knowledge of migration
routes)
Pacific island closed
fishing areas and seasons

Planting Enrichment planting of

fruit and medicinal trees
in forests and home
gardens
Scattering seeds and roots
Replacing portions of
roots
Replanting of propagules
Selectively tended wild
gardens
Agroforestry on- and
off-farms

Planting of
domesticated seeds

Tree, palm and bamboo
enrichment by Amazonian
cultures
Aboriginal wild gardens
Distribution and
reproduction of mongongo
nut trees by San
Transplanting willow for
basketry by Shoshone

Raising animals Selective culling and

sparing
Transplanting eggs and
young
Feeding young animals

Raising domesticated
animals

Managing wild pigs in
Papua New Guinea

Nutrient additions Human and animal

wastes near settlements
Mulching and charcoal as
soil amendments
Feed for fish and wild pigs

Fertilizer, compost,
animal manure

Pastoralist corrals in
sub-Saharan Africa leading
to Acacia woodlands
Wild pig management in
Papua New Guinea

(Continued)