For Niklas Luhmann:* “How Recursive is Communication?” - Understanding Understanding: Essays on Cybernetics and Cognition - page 311

FIGURE 2.
FIGURE 3.
document that says that this automobile will remain a trivial machine for
the next 10,000 or 100,000 kilometers or the next five years. And if the auto-
mobile suddenly proves to be unreliable, you get a trivializateur, who puts
the machine back in order. Our infatuation with trivial machines goes so
far that we send our children, who are usually very unpredictable and
completely surprising fellows, to trivialization institutes, so that the child,
when one asks “how much is 2 times 3” doesn't say “green” or “that's how
old I am” but rather says, bravely, “six.” And so the child becomes a reli-
able member of our society.
02. Non-trivial machines: (i) synthetically determined; (ii) dependent on the past;
(iii) analytically determinable; (iv) unpredictable.
Now I come to the non-trivial machines. Non-trivial machines have “inner”
states (Figure 3).