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Figure 1.3. Flat Architecture in WSN
1.3.1.1 Flat Architec ture
In a flat architecture, every entity of the network (sink node and sensor nodes) has the
same computational and communication capabilities. Hence, it can also be perceived
as a peer-to-peer architecture. However, with the increase in the scalability of the sen-
sor nodes, it is rather challenging to have a global addressing scheme. For this reason,
a data-centric routing scheme is sought as a pragmatic solution to the increasing scala-
bility issue. In this scheme, the sink node broadcasts a query or command to all the
nodes in the network, and only the concerned nodes that have a corresponding match
to the query respond to the sink node.
1.3.1.2 Hierarchical Architec ture
In contrast to the flat architecture, the hierarchical architecture segregates the network
into clusters and increases the overall energy efficiency of the network (Shah et  al.
2003). In this architecture, the nodes operate in close proximity to their respective
Figure 1.4. Hierarchical Architecture in WSN
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