Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
successful ways of achieving sustainable development of irrigation which has
been a major challenge for achieving the green revolution in sub-Saharan
Africa (Faurès et al., 2007).
This chapter depends largely on the review of publications being research
reports, books, journal papers and public documents, such as country
reports, on irrigation development in sub-Saharan Africa in particular.
Firstly, literature review is performed on the trend of irrigation development
in sub-Saharan Africa. This is followed by a description of the types of
irrigation development experienced in sub-Saharan Africa by categorizing
them under the type of funding. This is followed by a discussion on the
challenges affecting irrigation development in sub-Saharan Africa as reported
in the literature. The final section develops successful conditions for
sustainable irrigation development based on an analysis of the trends, types
and challenges presented earlier.
3.2 T REND OF I RRIGATION D EVELOPMENT IN SUB -
S AHARAN A FRICA
Following the end of the Second World War, and the period of
decolonization, there was a boom in irrigation development which coincided
with strongly motivated nation building, particularly in Asia. Irrigated area
increased at about 2.6 percent per annum from a modest 95 million hectares
(Mha) in the early 1940s to between 250 and 280 Mha in the early 1990s
(Siebert et al., 2002; Seckler et al., 2000b). In this era, a key developmental
agenda for many countries was the construction of large and small dams and
river diversions to abstract and store water for agriculture.
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