Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 3.1
Model acronyms and references.
Acronym
Full name
Web reference
AGNPS
AGricultural Non-Point Source pollution model
(Young
et al
., 1989)
http://www.wsi.nrcs.usda.gov/products/w2q/h&h/tools_
models/agnps/index.html
ANSWERS
Areal Nonpoint Source Watershed Environment
NA
Response Simulation (Beasley
et al
., 1980)
CREAMS
Chemicals, Runoff, Erosion, and Agricultural
NA
Management Systems (Knisel, 1980)
EPIC/APEX
Erosion-Productivity Impact Calculator
Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (Williams
http://www.brc.tamus.edu/simulation-models/
epic-and-apex.aspx
et al
., 1984)
EROSION3D
Erosion 2D and 3D models (Schmidt
et al
., 1999)
http://www.bodenerosion.com/
EUROSEM
European Soil Erosion Model (Morgan
et al
., 1998)
http://www.es.lancs.ac.uk/people/johnq/EUROSEM.html
FSM
Factorial Scoring Model (de Vente
et al
., 2005)
NA
GLEAMS
Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural
http://www.tifton.uga.edu/sewrl/Gleams/gleams_y2k_
update.htm
Management Systems (Leonard
et al
., 1987)
GUEST
Griffith University Erosion System Template
NA
(Misra & Rose, 1996)
KINEROS2
KINEmatic Runoff and erOSion model (Woolhiser
et al
.,
1990)
http://www.tucson.ars.ag.gov/kineros/
LISEM
Limburg Soil Erosion Model (Jetten
et al
., 1996)
http://www.itc.nl/lisem/
MMF
Morgan-Morgan-Finney model (Morgan, 2001)
NA
MUSLE
Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (Williams, 1975)
NA
PESERA
Pan European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment (Kirkby
http://www.geog.leeds.ac.uk/research/groups/pesera
et al
., 2004)
RUSLE
Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (Renard
http://ww.iwr.msu.edu/rusle/
et al
., 1991)
SCS-CN
Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number
NA
STREAM
Sealing Transfer Runoff Erosion Agricultural
Modification (Cerdan
et al
., 2002)
NA
TOPMODEL
Topographic model (Beven, 1997)
NA
USLE
Universal Soil Loss Equation (Wischmeier &
Smith, 1978)
NA
WATEM/
SEDEM
WAter and Tillage Erosion Model/Sediment Delivery
http://geo.kuleuven.be/geography/modelling/erosion/
watemsedem/index.htm
Model (van Oost
et al
., 2000)
WEPP
Water Erosion Prediction Project (Flanagan & Nearing, 1995)
http://www.ars.usda.gov/Research/docs.htm?docid
=
10621
or a change in climate. Calibration aims to
improve the predictive quality and fitness
for use of erosion models for all these goals.
However, we are usually not directly calibrating
the processes we are attempting to predict. For
instance, very often calibration is done on the
discharge characteristics of a plot, catchment or
basin, assuming that if we manage to predict the
hydrograph correctly, this is sufficient to predict
accurately the sediment dynamics in the catch-
ment. Whether this is feasible depends on a
number of factors: availability and uncertainty
of input data, the spatial complexity, the envi-
ronmental setting, land use characteristics, and
so on. From these objectives it seems logical to
divide the models into three broad classes based
on the spatial scale:
(I)
A plot or field scale which is regarded as a
single homogeneous spatial unit. Models at this
scale vary from empirical/conceptual such as the
