Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
Property maps
Elevations
Soils
Erosion map
Vegetations
Pine plantation
Soil loss after
20 years (mm)
Above 10.0
9.0-10.0
8.0-9.0
7.0-8.0
6.0-7.0
5.0-6.0
4.0-5.0
3.0-4.0
2.0-3.0
1.0-2.0
Below 1.0
Discharge hydrographs
Fig. 14.2
Examples of SHETRAN data displays: basin property maps; simulated hydrographs at selected sites along
a channel network (represented in plan); and an output map of simulated soil loss across a basin. Reproduced from
Bathurst (2002).
overland flow resistance coefficient and soil erod-
ibility coefficients (e.g. Engman, 1986; Wicks
et al
., 1992). However, it is rare outside small
research basins to be able to obtain all the required
time-varying data. Rainfall data are often at the
daily, rather than hourly, scale, evaporation may
have to be determined from temperature data
rather than direct measurement, and a basin with
a landslide inventory map may not also have, for
example, sediment yield data. Various techniques
such as rainfall disaggregation and regional scal-
ing of water and sediment discharges then need
to be employed to fill the gaps (e.g. Bathurst
et al
.,
2005). Nevertheless, physically-based models can
potentially use a wide range of data for calibra-
tion and validation, including discharge and sedi-
ment transport gaugings, reservoir outflow and
water-level records, reservoir sedimentation sur-
veys, well levels, soil moisture measurements,
snowline data, landslide inventories, gully growth
