Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Asphaltene Content: If the asphaltene content is less than 4, then the asphaltene
content parameter is 4 less the asphaltene content and if it is greater than 4, it be-
comes the asphaltene content less 4. The value used in the equation is this trans-
formed value. If the value of the asphaltene content is zero, then set the value to 20.
(3.13)
A
R
or Asphaltene/Resin Ratio: not transformed For procedure 2, the class of the
resulting emulsion is then calculated as follows:
/
Stability
=
5667
−
9520
·
Den
−
3
.
99
·
Visc
+
0
.
138
·
Sst
+
2
.
16
·
Rst
−
0
.
395
·
Ast
+
17
.
9
·
A
/
R
+
224
·
exp
(
den
)
+
2
.
88
e
−
10
·
exp
(
Rst
)
−
4
.
35
·
exp
(
A
/
R
)
+
16823
·
ln
(
Den
)
+
10
.
5
·
ln
(
Visc
)
−
.
671
·
ln
(
Sst
)
+
0
.
147
·
ln
(
Rst
)
+
0
.
107
·
ln
(
Ast
)
+
1
.
62
·
ln
(
A
/
)
(3.14)
R
where:
Stability is the stability of the resulting water-in-oil type,
Den is the untransformed exponential of the density, abbreviated
A
here,
Visc is the untransformed natural logarithm (ln) of the viscosity, abbreviated
B
here,
Sst is the transformed saturate content as calculated in Eq. (
3.11
), abbreviated
C
here,
Rst is the transformed resin content as calculated in Eq. (
3.12
), abbreviated
D
,
Ast is the transformed asphaltene content as calculated in Eq. (
3.13
), abbreviated
E
,
A
R
is the (untransformed) asphaltene/resin ratio, abbreviated
F
,
Exponential den is the exponential of the exponential of density, abbreviated
G
,
Exponential
Rst
is the exponential of the transformed resins, calculated inEq. (
3.12
)
abbreviated,
Exponential of
A
/
R
, abbreviated
I
,
Ln (natural logarithm) of the exponential of density, abbreviated
J
,
Ln (natural logarithm) of the natural logarithm of viscosity, abbreviated
K
,
Ln (natural logarithm) of the transformed saturates as calculated in Eq. (
3.11
),
abbreviated
L
,
Ln (natural logarithm) of the transformed resins as calculated in Eq. (
3.12
), abbre-
viated
M
,
Ln (natural logarithm) of the transformed asphaltenes as calculated in Eq. (
3.13
),
abbreviated
N
,
Ln (natural logarithm) of the (untransformed) (
A
/
/
R
) ratio, abbreviated
O
.
A simplified version of the equation is then:
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