Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Ast3 is the cube of the transformed asphaltene content as calculated in Eq. (
3.5
),
abbreviated F,
A/Rst3 is the cube of the transformed
A
/
R
ratio as calculated in Eq. (
3.6
), abbre-
viated
G
,
lnVst is the natural logarithm (ln) of the transformed viscosity as calculated in
Eq. (
3.2
), abbreviated H,
lnRst is the natural logarithm (ln) of the transformed resin content as calculated in
Eq. (
3.4
), abbreviated I,
lnA/Rst is the natural logarithm (ln) of transformed asphaltene/resin ratio as cal-
culated in (
3.6
), abbreviated J,
Exp(Vst)2 is the exponential of the transformed viscosity and squared—Vst as
calculated in Eq. (
3.2
), abbreviated K,
Exp(A/Rst)2 is the exponential of the
A
/
R
ratio—squared—as calculated in
Eq. (
3.6
), abbreviated L,
LogDst/Dst2 is the logarithm (base 10) of the exponential of the density—divided
by the square of the transformed density—the transformed density as calculated
in Eq. (
3.1
), abbreviated
M
,
LogA/Rst/A/Rst2 is the logarithm (base 10) of the exponential of the
A
/
R
ratio—
divided by the square of the
A
/
R
ratio—the transformed
A
/
R
ratio as calculated
in Eq. (
3.6
), abbreviated
N
.
A simplified version of the equation is then:
=
.
+
.
−
.
−
.
−
.
+
.
Stability
17
8
0
013
A
1
49
B
12
6
C
0
073
D
0
0019
E
+
0
.
00016
F
−
4
.
23
G
−
0
.
59
H
+
1
.
59
I
+
4
.
028
J
+
3
.
72
X
10
(3.8)
−
26
K
+
1
.
207
L
+
0
.
022
M
+
0
.
11
N
where the parameters
A
-
N
are defined as above.
The stability of the resulting product is calculated using the rheological
measurements of the water-in-oil product formed. The basic uncorrected Stability or
cross product is:
Complex Modulus
Starting Oil Viscosity
×
Elastic Modulus
Starting Oil Viscosity
Xpr
=
(3.9)
The corrected stability is:
=
((
/
,
)
·
(
/
,
))
Stability
ln
Xpr
10
000
Xpr
10
000
(3.10)
where the
Xpr
is the value from Eq. (
3.9
).
The values of stability which are assigned to each class are given in Table
3.1
.
The viscosity of the resulting product can be taken as the average of the types at a
given time as shown in Table
3.5
.
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