Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
Answer Set Programming
(ASP) is based on the stable model semantics for Logic
Programs. Because of its declarative nature, expressiveness and efficient
implementations, ASP plays a relevant role in decision-problem solving, planning,
diagnosis, and more generally, knowledge representation and reasoning. The
computational complexity is higher than for propositionally based approaches.
Game theory:
Considering the requirements of the reasoning tasks in AAL shows a
strong relation to game theory. In game theory agents act to maximize what is called
there the utility. The term utility is used in a very broad sense and refers to the amount
of “welfare” an agent derives from an object or an event. An agent is not restricted to a
person but is applied to any kind of acting instance and might be also a software agent.
So, theorists considering game theory as providing an explanatory account of strategic
reasoning, could also be an important group to promote game theory in AAL.
Simulation
is the execution of a model mimicking of the operation of a real system.
With the integration of knowledge management and modelling techniques, simulation
could become an effective and appropriate decision support even for the non-experts
and would allow to safely play out “what if” scenarios. Especially in forecasting mid-
and long-term trends this technology could improve the quality of the planning activity
in AAL systems. This is but one situation where simulation could be effectively used.
In addition, it could be used as a tool to better understand and optimize performance
and/or reliability of AAL systems, simulation could also extensively used to verify the
correctness of designs. Another important application of simulation could be in
developing “virtual environments”, e.g. for training of expert and non-experts.
Roadmap 10.
Reasoning.
Short Term (2015)
Mid Term (2020)
Long Term (2025)
User model
interrelated with
context model
Self adaptive model
including
neuropsychological models
Static and dynamic
Information
Model: User
Model: Context
Environment, Objects
Model evolution
Semantic context fusion
Integrated ontology
driven models
Model. System
Adaptive models
Organic systems model
Model: Domain
Separate domain models
Model evolution
Inter-domain models
Integrated multi-
approach reasoning
Integration of Reasoning
and Simulation
Reasoning
Optimized approaches
Ongoing developments show that no single approach exhibits all the properties
required for reasoning in AAL applications. The approach could be to realize a modular
reasoning layer enabling the combination of different reasoning approaches.
5.3. Acting
Systems and services, which proactively act for assisting, monitoring and providing
well-being of elderly or not sufficient people in an assisted environment, revolve
around some technological aspects, that could be identified as acting enabling
technologies. More appropriately, these are sensor-motors (e.g., cognitive robots) and
actuators that, based on their perception of the environment, on behalf of their users
and on information gathered by some other device and/or background knowledge,
could perform concrete actions.
