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preserve.and.produce.both.electronic.and.paper.documenta-
tion..These.defendants,.called.the.“Citco.Defendants”.in.the.
decision,. asked. for. dismissal. of. the. complaint. which. would.
have. been. the. ultimate. sanction,. or. whatever. sanction. the.
court.deemed.appropriate.
The.judge.ruled.pretty.much.in.the.defendant's.favor.and.
wrote.a.very.detailed.and.lengthy.decision.that.goes.a.long.
way.to.helping.describe.what.actually.amounts.to.negligence,.
gross.negligence,.and.willful,.bad.faith.actions.when.it.comes.
to.e-discovery.issues..She.discusses.how.these.different.lev-
els. of. culpability. for. spoliation. of. evidence. should. be. used.
to.decide. the. levels.of. sanctions. and. describes. the. different.
remedies.that.can.be.used.to.punish.the.party.responsible.for.
the.spoliation.of.evidence.
She.particularly.chastises.the.plaintiffs.in.this.case.for.their.
failure. to. issue. a. written. litigation. hold. in. a. timely. manner..
She. writes. that. this. can. be. construed. as. gross. negligence,.
depending.on.when.they.should.have.known.there.would.be.
litigation..And.of.course.because.in.this.case.the.plaintiff.is.
the. party. that. brought. the. suit,. they. should. be. expected. to.
have.known.well.ahead.of.the.actual.iling.of.the.claim.that.
there.would.be.litigation..Therefore,.their.failure.to.issue.and.
maintain.a.written.litigation.hold.that.resulted.in.the.loss.of.
relevant.evidence.is.especially.egregious.
She.discusses.the.different.types.of.conduct.that.can.result.
in.different.levels.of.culpability.for.the.spoliation.of.evidence.
including.any.place.where.a.party.fails.its.duties.to.preserve,.
acquire,.review,.or.produce.relevant.evidence..Depending.on.
the.circumstances.the.culpability.might.be.considered.gross.
negligence.as.in.the.case.of.the.plaintiff.not.issuing.a.written.
litigation.hold,.or.the.failure.to.collect.relevant.data.from.the.
key.players.in.a.case..However,.she.said.that.not.gathering.
records. from. every. employee. in. an. organization,. while. it.
might.miss.relevant.data,.would.probably.only.be.considered.
negligent..She.did.not.try.to.deine.an.exhaustive.list.of.what.
might.be.considered.culpable.behavior.because.she.noted.that.
each.case.will.be.different.and.that.it.will.be.up.to.the.courts.
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