Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
with.the.removal.of.records.that.evidence.some.fraud-
ulent. or. other. criminal. activity.. It. is. not. unusual. for.
auditors. or. law. enforcement. oficers. to. ind. that. the.
records.they.need.for.their.investigations.are.not.there.
. . Deleted. records. can. be. recovered. if. the. storage.
media. is. secured. quickly. enough,. but. a. skilled. strip-
per.can.usually.remove.all.trace.of.them.before.such.
action.can.be.taken..The.only.recourse.then.is.to.back.
up.iles.where.(hopefully).copies.can.be.obtained.
Structured Query Language (SQL):. (pronounced.S-Q-L.or.
“Seekwul”).A.type.of.programming.language.used.to.
interact.with.a.database..The.language.is.used.to.both.
update.and.issue.queries.to.the.database..A.query.is.
a. request. for. information. based. upon. speciic. crite-
ria.(e.g.,.output.all.our.clients.with.a.sales.turnover.of.
more.than.$x.sorted.by.region).
System:. A. network,. computer,. software. package,. or. other.
entity.for.which.there.can.be.security.concerns.
System Administrator:. Individual.who.supports.the.opera-
tions. and. integrity. of. computing. systems. and. their.
use.. These. activities. might. include. system. installa-
tion,.coniguration,.integration,.maintenance,.security.
management,.and.problem.analysis.and.recovery..In.
an.internetworked.computing.environment,.managing.
the.computer.network.often.is.the.system.administra-
tor's.responsibility.
System Operators:. Individuals.within.an.organization.who.
are. accountable. for. the. operational. decisions. about.
the.use.and.management.of.a.computing.system..(See.
also,.System.Owners.)
System Owners:. Individuals. within. an. organization. who.
are. accountable. for. the. budget,. management,. and.
use.of.one.or.more.electronic.information.systems.
or. electronic. applications. that. are. associated. with.
an.organization.
System Software:. The. general. term. used. to. describe. the.
many.software.programs,.drivers,.and.utilities.which,.
