Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
government. endeavors.. Originally. developed. for. the.
U.S.. military,. the. Internet. has. become. widely. used.
for. academic. and. commercial. research.. Users. have.
access. to. unpublished. data. and. journals. on. a. huge.
variety. of. subjects.. Today,. the. Internet. has. become.
commercialized. into. a. worldwide. information. high-
way,.providing.access.to.information.on.every.subject.
known.to.humankind.
Internet Service Provider (ISP):. A. company. that. pro-
vides. individuals. and. organizations. with. access. to.
the. Internet,. plus. a. range. of. standard. services. such.
as. e-mail. and. the. hosting. (running). of. personal. and.
corporate.Web.sites..The.larger.ISPs.will.offer.a.range.
of. access. methods. including. telephone,. leased. line,.
ISDN,. or. the. newer. DSL. (ADSL). circuits. and. will.
be. connected. to. backbone. high-speed. digital. circuits.
that.form.the.Internet..ISPs.usually.charge.a.tariff.for.
their. services. although. income. can. be. derived. from.
various. sources. of. advertising. and. portal. activities..
Occasionally.an.ISP.is.referred.to.as.an.Internet.access.
provider.(IAP).
Intranet:. A.Local.Area.Network.within.an.organization.that.
is.designed.to.look.like.and.work.in.the.same.way.as.
the.Internet..Intranets.are.essentially.private.networks.
and.are.not.accessible.to.the.public.
Intrusion:. The. IT. equivalent. of. trespassing.. An. uninvited.
and.unwelcome.entry.into.a.system.by.an.unauthor-
ized.source..While.incursions.are.always.seen.as.hos-
tile,.intrusions.may.well.be.innocent,.having.occurred.
in. error.. Strong. ID. and. password. systems. can. mini-
mize.intrusions.
Intrusion Detection:. A. security. management. system. that.
gathers.and.analyzes. information. from. various. areas.
within. a. computer. or. a. network. to. identify. possible.
security.breaches,.which.include.both.intrusions.(attack.
from. outside. the. organization). and. misuse. (attacks.
from.within.the.organization).
