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mere appearance. To the extent that Americans are doing pretty much the same
thing everywhere, the rationale for specialization and interregional trade is reduced.
OK, that's just a hypothesis, which would take much more testing to fill out. Yet
surely trying to test this idea would deepen our understanding of the economy—
which brings me back to this short paper's starting point. Walter Isard pioneered a
field by observing, and preaching, the importance of location in space to under-
standing economies. His observation remains as true as ever.
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