Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 17.1
Conceptual three-
dimensional urban input-
output framework
Industries
1
2
3
4
IG
Commodities
Land
Capital
I-O for Top Floor
1
2
3
4
IG
Land
1
2
3
4
Capital
I-O for Intermediate Floors
IG
Land
Capital
I-O for Ground Floor
IG: Intermediate Good
17.5.2 Multi-Jurisdictional Decision Making Processes in a Megacity
As described above, all metropolitan areas consist with multiple independent
jurisdictions which make own welfare decisions posing difficult for deriving system
wide decision in which all individual jurisdiction's interests combined. The issue
has been identified as early as in 1956 by Isard who wrote, “
we need to know
how much more about the structure of social groups, ranging from household
(family) through neighborhood, community, towns, metropolis, major region
...
..”
(Isard
1956
, p. 684). Continuing, he further wrote, “Speaking even more broadly, if
considerations of welfare (efficiency) and equity (as reflected to some extent in
local community participation) can be linked together even in a very partial
manner, further advances is to be anticipated.” (1956, p. 687).
There are a host of matters to be coordinated for the system as a whole in a
megacity. For example, transportation networks do not stop at city boundaries, air
pollution does not recognize jurisdictional boundaries, and work and home
locations are frequently not in the same city. The implications for building for
spatial analysis models become clear: how can we identify the interests of the
system and individual parts in an urban spatial model? We need a model for holistic
solutions across multi-jurisdictions balancing between two overriding concerns: the
welfare of the whole megacity and the interests of Individual Jurisdiction. To make
effective plans for megacities, scientific reasoning needs to be exercised and
methods must be developed to answer many critical questions including the
following:
• How are holistic solutions planned across multi-jurisdictions?
• How can a balance between two conflicting concerns, i.e. the welfare of the
megacity and the interests of the individual city, be planned for?
...
