Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
to the relationships among the goal equations collectively as the set of
system
process functions
:
D
éù
*
é ù
== =
êú
x
%
xGx
x
IA f
ê
ú
(
-
)
êú
ë
û
ëû
where the partitions of the matrix
are the coefficients for the energy, environ-
ment, employment and economic (Leontief) equations, respectively, as defined
earlier.
17
If the values for
G
*
and
are planning targets then this can be formulated
as a GP problem as above by introducing deviational variables which will measure
under and over achievement of the established targets.
x
f
13.8
Policy Programming
Blair (
1979
) combines the impact analysis version of the generalized input-output
model along with the planning form and goal programming in an integrated
approach called
policy programming
.
18
In this approach, first, a number of alterna-
tive future regional energy development scenarios, or
future scenarios
, for short,
are defined. These scenarios are all defined to satisfy a set of generalized input-
output system process equations, as defined earlier. That is, each future scenario is
defined in terms of values of industry output, energy consumption, pollution
emissions and regional employment that comply with the basic Leontief identities
and accompanying direct impact coefficients for energy use, environmental pollu-
tion emissions and regional employment. We define a collection of values of these
variables that comply with these system process functions as a
consistent
scenario.
In policy programming the method of analytic hierarchies
19
is applied to define
preference scenarios
, which are simply linear combinations of future scenarios. A
set of relative weights derived from the method of analytic hierarchies is applied to
assemble the linear combination of future scenarios that reflect the relative desir-
ability of the alternative future scenarios. Preference scenarios are assembled for
each of a number of defined policy makers or other significant decision-makers in
the planning process, e.g., in the case of energy-environment problems, electric
utilities, government regulators or industrial consumers. Since these preference
scenarios are linear combinations of consistent scenarios, they are also consistent
by the above definition.
20
17
This is the framework adopted in Blair (
1979
) and Miller and Blair (
2009
).
18
Illustrated and applied in Blair (
1979
) and Miller and Blair (
2009
) and summarized here.
19
The method of analytic hierarchies, often referred to as the Analytic Hierarchy Process, is a
theory and method of decision-making based on deriving priorities from a matrix of pairwise
comparisons of alternatives; see Saaty (
1980
); there are, of course, many other ways of deriving
priorities as well.
20
Posed as a theorem in Blair (
1979
).
